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Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings under combined stress of bisphenol A and cadmium
Author(s) -
Hu Huiqing,
Wang Lihong,
Wang Qingqing,
Jiao Liya,
Hua Weiqi,
Zhou Qing,
Huang Xiaohua
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.2720
Subject(s) - photosynthesis , cadmium , chlorophyll fluorescence , chlorophyll , chemistry , chlorophyll a , botany , chlorophyll c , fluorescence , bisphenol a , agronomy , horticulture , biology , organic chemistry , epoxy , physics , quantum mechanics
Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in the environment because of its continual application in plastics and the epoxy resin industry. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal element mainly used in smelting, electroplating, and plastic and dye manufacturing. Pollution as a result of BPA and Cd exists simultaneously in many agricultural regions. However, little information is available regarding the combined effects of BPA and Cd on plants. The combined effects of BPA and Cd on the photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings were investigated using noninvasive technology. Combined treatment with 1.5 mg/L BPA and 0.2 mg/L Cd synergistically improved the net photosynthetic rate ( P n ), initial fluorescence ( F 0 ), maximal photochemical efficiency ( F v / F m ), effective quantum yield of photosystem II ( Φ PSII ), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and chlorophyll content. Combined treatment with 1.5 mg/L BPA and 3.0 mg/L Cd increased the F 0 and decreased the P n , F v / F m , Φ PSII , and ETR, whereas BPA and Cd exhibited an antagonistic effect. Furthermore, combined treatment with 17.2/50.0 mg/L BPA and 3.0/10.0 mg/L Cd synergistically decreased the P n , F v / F m , Φ PSII , ETR, and chlorophyll content, although it increased the F 0 . Finally, the effects of BPA and Cd on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content ceased when BPA stress was stopped. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2455–2462 . © 2014 SETAC