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The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metalaxy‐M on earthworms ( Eisenia fetida )
Author(s) -
Liu Tong,
Zhu Lusheng,
Han Yingnan,
Wang Jinhua,
Wang Jun,
Zhao Yan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.2682
Subject(s) - metalaxyl , eisenia fetida , chemistry , toxicology , toxicity , biology , fungicide , botany , organic chemistry
As the main optical isomer of metalaxyl, metalaxyl‐M has been widely used worldwide in recent years because of its notable effect on the prevention and control of crop diseases. Together with the toxicity and degradation of metalaxyl‐M, the chemical has attracted the attention of researchers. The present study examined the toxic effects of metalaxyl‐M on earthworms at 0 mg kg −1 , 0.1 mg kg −1 , 1 mg kg −1 , and 3 mg kg −1 on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after exposure. The results showed that metalaxyl‐M could cause an obvious increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when the concentration was higher than 0.1 mg kg −1 , which led to lipid peroxidation in earthworms. Metalaxyl‐M can induce DNA damage in earthworms, and the level of DNA damage markedly increased with increasing the concentration of metalaxyl‐M. Metalaxyl‐M also has a serious influence on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which results in irreversible oxidative damage in cells. The changes of these indicators all indicated that metalaxyl‐M may cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on earthworms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2344–2350 . © 2014 SETAC