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Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene
Author(s) -
Saengtienchai Aksorn,
Ikenaka Yoshinori,
Nakayama Shouta M.M.,
Mizukawa Hazuki,
Kakehi Mayu,
BorteySam Nesta,
Darwish Wageh Sobhy,
Tsubota Toshio,
Terasaki Masanori,
Poapolathep Amnart,
Ishizuka Mayumi
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.2656
Subject(s) - pyrene , xenobiotic , chemistry , urine , glucuronide , sulfation , biomonitoring , aryl hydrocarbon receptor , carcinogen , environmental chemistry , biochemistry , biology , gene , enzyme , organic chemistry , transcription factor
Abstract Interspecific differences in xenobiotic metabolism are a key to determining relative sensitivities of animals to xenobiotics. However, information on domesticated livestock, companion animals, and captive and free‐ranging wildlife is incomplete. The present study evaluated interspecific differences in phase II conjugation using pyrene as a nondestructive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites have carcinogenic and endocrine‐disrupting effects in humans and wildlife and can have serious consequences. The authors collected urine from 16 mammalian species and analyzed pyrene metabolites. Interspecific differences in urinary pyrene metabolites, especially in the concentration and composition of phase II conjugated metabolites, were apparent. Glucuronide conjugates are dominant metabolites in the urine of many species, including deer, cattle, pigs, horses, and humans. However, they could not be detected in ferret urine even though the gene for ferret Uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) 1A6 is not a pseudogene. Sulfate conjugates were detected mainly in the urine of cats, ferrets, and rabbits. Interestingly, sulfate conjugates were detected in pig urine. Although pigs are known to have limited aryl sulfotransferase activity, the present study demonstrated that pig liver was active in 1‐hydroxypyrene sulfation. The findings have some application for biomonitoring environmental pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2062–2069. © 2014 SETAC