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Acute toxicity of herbicide formulations and chronic toxicity of technical‐grade trifluralin to larval green frogs ( Lithobates clamitans )
Author(s) -
Weir Scott M.,
Yu Shuangying,
Salice Christopher J.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.1910
Subject(s) - trifluralin , toxicity , acute toxicity , chronic toxicity , toxicology , lithobates , biology , pesticide , larva , ecotoxicology , chemistry , amphibian , agronomy , botany , ecology , organic chemistry
Fewer toxicity studies have been performed on herbicides than on insecticides despite heavier use of herbicides and evidence of herbicide formulation toxicity to amphibians. We conducted acute and chronic toxicity tests with the herbicide trifluralin (2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)aniline) on tadpoles. Herbicide formulations had lower median lethal concentrations than an insecticide formulation and technical‐grade trifluralin. Chronic trifluralin exposure resulted in significantly smaller tadpoles at low concentrations (20 µg/L) compared with controls and 200‐µg/L treatments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2029–2034. © 2012 SETAC