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A field‐based parameterization of wind flow recovery in the lee of dryland plants
Author(s) -
Mayaud Jerome R.,
Wiggs Giles F.S.,
Bailey Richard M.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
earth surface processes and landforms
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.294
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1096-9837
pISSN - 0197-9337
DOI - 10.1002/esp.4082
Subject(s) - vegetation (pathology) , aeolian processes , environmental science , wind speed , wind tunnel , flow (mathematics) , landform , geology , sediment transport , hydrology (agriculture) , atmospheric sciences , meteorology , sediment , geomorphology , geography , mathematics , geotechnical engineering , geometry , medicine , pathology , aerospace engineering , engineering
Abstract Wind erosion is a key component of land degradation in vulnerable dryland regions. Despite a wealth of studies investigating the impact of vegetation and windbreaks on windflow in controlled wind‐tunnel and modelling environments, there is still a paucity of empirical field data for accurately parameterizing the effect of vegetation in wind and sediment transport models. The aim of this study is to present a general parameterization of wind flow recovery in the lee of typical dryland vegetation elements (grass clumps and shrubs), based on their height ( h ) and optical porosity ( θ ). Spatial variations in mean wind velocity around eight isolated vegetation elements in Namibia (three grass clumps and five shrubs) were recorded at 0.30 m height, using a combination of sonic and cup anemometry sampled at a temporal frequency of 10 seconds. Wind flow recovery in the lee of the elements was parameterized in an exponential form,u ref − u 0. 1 − e − b x h+ u 0 . The best‐fit parameters derived from the field data were u 0 = u ref (0.0146 θ − 0.4076) and b = 0.0105 θ + 0.1627 . By comparing this parameterization to existing models, it is shown that wind recovery curves derived from two‐dimensional wind fence experiments may not be suitable analogues for describing airflow around more complex, three‐dimensional forms. Field‐derived parameterizations such as the one presented here are a crucial step for connecting plant‐scale windflow behaviour to dryland bedform development at landscape scales. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.