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The occurrence on carboniferous coal of anthropogenic origin in the contemporaneous Vistula river sediments near Cracow (Southern Poland)
Author(s) -
Rutkowski J.
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
earth surface processes and landforms
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.294
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1096-9837
pISSN - 0197-9337
DOI - 10.1002/esp.3290110309
Subject(s) - carboniferous , coal , geology , sediment , coal measures , channel (broadcasting) , geochemistry , coal mining , archaeology , paleontology , structural basin , geography , engineering , electrical engineering
Carboniferous pit coal is the most important anthropogenic component of the contemporaneous Vistula river gravels and sands with individual fractions containing from 10 to 98 per cent coal fragments. Coal concentration is connected with differences in the bulk density between coal and other gravel components. The lower sediments date from the first half of the nineteenth century when the coal began to appear in large quantities in the Vistula channel. The presence of coal is also an indicator of the depth of channel sediment reworking during floods in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.