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An experimental and computer simulation study of erosion on a mine tailings dam wall
Author(s) -
Hancock G. R.,
Willgoose G. R.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
earth surface processes and landforms
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.294
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1096-9837
pISSN - 0197-9337
DOI - 10.1002/esp.1045
Subject(s) - erosion , slumping , tailings , surface runoff , tailings dam , geotechnical engineering , environmental science , erosion control , geology , hydrology (agriculture) , mining engineering , geomorphology , ecology , materials science , metallurgy , biology
Mine tailings dams pose a signicant risk to the environment if not correctly designed, built and maintained. The effect of erosion on a back‐lled and capped earthen dam wall was examined by construction of an analogue in an experimental model landscape simulator. The ability of a computer‐based erosion model to simulate erosion processes on the experimental structure was examined. The experimental landscape simulator uses a rainfall simulator to create overland ow and erode an articial soil. At the commencement of rainfall, erosion occurred rapidly with deep gullies developing on the dam wall batter. The gullies developed by downcutting, with consequent bank collapse and slumping, and followed ow lines towards their source. A physically based erosion model (SIBERIA) was used to simulate erosion on the experimental dam wall. Erosion and consequent development of the experimental structure were modelled by SIBERIA. The ability of SIBERIA to model incision and landscape development in the experimental setting was further examined by use of a simple one‐dimensional experimental catchment. The laboratory experiment and computer simulations demonstrated that erosion on the tailings dam is driven by concentrated runoff and that runoff control is crucial to the long‐term stability of such structures. The study demonstrates that computer‐based erosion models can be used to predict how erosion occurs on the experimental landscapes examined, thus providing condence in their use and application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.