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Na 3 V 2 ( PO 4 ) 3 /C composites as low‐cost and high‐performance cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries
Author(s) -
Zhu Limin,
Ding Guochun,
Sun Qiancheng,
Xie Lingling,
Cao Xiaoyu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.6122
Subject(s) - faraday efficiency , composite number , materials science , electrochemistry , microstructure , cathode , composite material , carbon fibers , electrical conductor , coating , chemical engineering , electrode , chemistry , engineering
Summary The carbon layer acting as a conductive medium is beneficial to overcoming the comparatively inferior electronic conductivity of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . Based on this, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composites with diverse ratios of citric acid are synthetized via rheological phase reaction way in this work. The consequences display that the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C‐1.5 composite brings a higher initial discharge capacity of 113.2 mAh g −1 at a current rate of 1 C with coulombic efficiency above 99% during all cycles. The discharge capacity retains at 117.6 mAh g −1 at the 100th cycle. Even at the high current densities of 5 C and 10 C, the composite also shows superior cycling performance with negligible capacity fading. Its discharge capacities decline from 97 to 92.6 mAh g −1 at 5 C and from 85.3 to 83.7 mAh g −1 at 10 C. These remarkable outcomes arise from its preferable morphology with suitable carbon coating because both excess and skimpy carbon seriously affect the microstructure and electrochemical properties of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composites.