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Mechanochemical synthesis of SnS anodes for sodium ion batteries
Author(s) -
Dogrusoz Mehbare,
DemirCakan Rezan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.5735
Subject(s) - dielectric spectroscopy , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , anode , materials science , polyvinylidene fluoride , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chemical engineering , scanning electron microscope , electrochemistry , nuclear chemistry , composite material , chemistry , electrode , polymer , engineering
Summary Orthorombic tin (II) sulfide are synthesized by a simple and cost effective mechanochemical method in a high energy ball mill over different time scales. After the detailed characterization by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX mapping, 2 hours milling time is found to be the optimum as anode in sodium‐ion batteries. Later, electrochemical performances are investigated with regards to the binder type; sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginic acid (Na‐alginate) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), in which the best performances are obtained with Na‐alginate. Comprehensive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are pursued in order to examine the effect of binders. EIS tests of SnS anodes after C‐rate test reveal much bigger resistivity with PVdF binder than that of CMC and Na‐alginate. Postmortem surface morphology analysis by means of SEMdemonstrates the self‐healing properties of Na‐alginate binder with no visible crack formation after cycles. As a whole, more than 300 mAh/g capacity is obtained over 60 cycle at C/5 current density without the help of carbon addition during the synthesis of the SnS composite.