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LiNi 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 O 2 with morphology optimized for novel concept of 3D Li accumulator
Author(s) -
Zukalová Markéta,
Zukal Arnošt,
Krýsová Hana,
Kavan Ladislav,
Procházka Jan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.5630
Subject(s) - materials science , electrode , amorphous solid , analytical chemistry (journal) , cyclic voltammetry , electrochemistry , chemical engineering , scanning electron microscope , lithium ion battery , nanotechnology , battery (electricity) , crystallography , composite material , chemistry , chromatography , engineering , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics
Summary An array of LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC 111) samples with a hollow‐sphere morphology enabling the use of binder‐free, millimeter‐thick electrodes in a battery are prepared by a combination of ball milling, hydrothermal treatment and calcination. Materials are studied by powder X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption measurements, X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Their electrochemical performance for Li + extraction/insertion is tested by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic chronopotentiometry on thin‐film electrodes. Optimized materials, prepared by mechanical and thermal treatment with surface areas of 7 to 10 m 2 g −1 , provide charge capacity values of 141 to 156 mAh g −1 . The concentration of the crystalline phase in NMC 111 materials with a hollow‐sphere morphology is found to be the decisive parameter for their galvanostatic cycling stability. Hollow spheres with well‐developed NMC nanocrystals and a low concentration of amorphous phase in the walls, exhibiting excellent cycling stability and charge capacity in thin‐film electrodes are incorporated into a NMC/graphite 3D‐battery module. This 122 Ah/451 Wh 3D‐battery provides 78% of theoretical capacity and 73% of theoretical energy after 10 formatting cycles. Additionally, the battery prototype exhibits stable performance over more than 200 cycles at C/10 rate. A series of analogous 3D Li accumulators, currently assembled and tested in a pilot plant, represent the first step toward large‐scale production of novel 3D Li accumulator.