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Construction of symmetric supercapacitors using anhydrous electrolytes containing heterocyclic oligomeric structures
Author(s) -
Cevik Emre,
Gunday Seyda Tugba,
Anil Ismail,
Alagha Omar,
Bozkurt Ayhan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.5097
Subject(s) - supercapacitor , electrolyte , anhydrous , capacitance , phosphoric acid , materials science , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , electrode , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering , metallurgy
Summary The anhydrous electrolytes have become an important part of supercapacitors, which provide temperature‐tolerant applications in various electronic devices. This work reports on the fabrication of a wide‐temperature‐range supercapacitor using 3‐amino‐1 H ‐1,2,4‐triazole (Atri)/1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BG) and imidazole (Imi)/BG–based electrolytes in active carbon‐based electrodes. The triazole‐terminated BG (BG(Atri) 2 ) and Imi‐terminated BG (BG(Imi) 2 ) were initially synthesized, and then anhydrous electrolytes were produced by doping BG(Atri) 2 and BG(Imi) 2 with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and ionic liquid (IL) at different molar fractions. The supercapacitors constructed with the anhydrous BG(Atri) 2 /H 3 PO 4 /0.1IL and BG(Imi) 2 /H 3 PO 4 /0.1IL electrolytes provided maximum specific capacitances ( C s) of 114 and 191 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , respectively. The corresponding electrolytes yielded the highest energy densities of 15.8 and 26.7 Wh kg −1 at the power densities of 1150 and 1225 W kg −1 , respectively. The Imi‐terminated electrolyte‐based supercapacitor indicated superior performance and efficiency even after 2300 charge‐discharge cycles by holding 20% of its original capacitance. The temperature dependence of the supercapacitors' capacitances was studied, and they increased from 191 to 266 F g −1 for BG(Imi) 2 /H 3 PO 4 /0.1IL and from 114 to 148 F g −1 for BG(Tri) 2 /H 3 PO 4 /0.1IL as the temperature increased from 25°C to 75°C.