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One‐ and two‐stage coprocessing of coal and petroleum residues
Author(s) -
Steedman W.,
Flynn T.,
Kemp W.,
Bartle K. D.,
Taylor N.,
Wallace S.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.4440180229
Subject(s) - coal , asphaltene , chemistry , petroleum , carbochemistry , bituminous coal , solvent , residue (chemistry) , distillation , coal liquefaction , extraction (chemistry) , vacuum distillation , waste management , fraction (chemistry) , chemical engineering , pulp and paper industry , mineralogy , organic chemistry , engineering
The potential of two atmospheric and three vacuum petroleum residues as feedstocks for coprocessing with a UK bituminous coal has been assessed. In a simulation of the British Coal Corporation's two‐stage liquid solvent extraction process, the residues were first examined as prospective solvents in the extraction stage. Coal conversions varied from about 6–37%, the best yields being obtained from residues with a high asphaltene content or a high (aromatic and polar) content in the maltene fraction. These yields compare poorly with those obtainable with coal‐derived solvents. In two cases, catalytic prehydrogenation of the petroleum residue improved conversions to about 65%, but these results were not reproducible. One‐stage coprocessing at 450°C and 12 MPa hydrogen pressure was much more successful. Coal conversions of about 75% were obtained at optimum conditions. Conversions under one‐stage coprocessing were insensitive to the nature of the residue.