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Use of controlled water circulation in tap water heat pumps
Author(s) -
Carrington C. G.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.4440060304
Subject(s) - tap water , condenser (optics) , refrigerant , circulating pump , water cooling , immersion (mathematics) , natural circulation , water circulation , mechanics , water flow , working fluid , environmental science , thermodynamics , nuclear engineering , petroleum engineering , heat exchanger , environmental engineering , engineering , mechanical engineering , physics , inlet , light source , mathematics , pure mathematics , optics
Condensers used in tap water heat pumps are either of the integrated passive immersion type or separate units with active water circulation. The use of the active circulation configuration together with a counter‐flow condenser and water flow control has a number of advantages compared to passive immersion condensers. In particular, hot water temperatures above the saturation temperature of the condensing refrigerant are possible. The counter‐flow arrangement also permits sub‐cooling gains in cycle efficiency. These two features offset the pumping power penalty which would not be necessary in a system with a passive immersion condenser.