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Rapid and slow pyrolysis of pistachio shell: effect of pyrolysis conditions on the product yields and characterization of the liquid product
Author(s) -
Pütün Ayşe E.,
Özbay Nurgül,
Apaydın Varol Esin,
Uzun Başak B.,
Ateş Funda
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
international journal of energy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.808
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1099-114X
pISSN - 0363-907X
DOI - 10.1002/er.1263
Subject(s) - pyrolysis , yield (engineering) , chemistry , volumetric flow rate , nitrogen , shell (structure) , heat of combustion , elemental analysis , pyrolysis oil , gas chromatography , analytical chemistry (journal) , characterization (materials science) , liquid nitrogen , mass spectrometry , chemical engineering , chromatography , organic chemistry , materials science , composite material , thermodynamics , nanotechnology , combustion , physics , engineering
This study reports the experimental results for the pyrolysis of pistachio shell under different conditions in a tubular reactor under a nitrogen flow. For the different conditions of pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen flow rate and heating rate, pyrolysis temperature of 773 K gave the highest bio‐oil yield with a value of 27.7% when the heating rate and carrier gas flow rate were chosen as 300 K min −1 and 100 cm 3 min −1 , respectively. Column chromatography was applied to this bio‐oil and its subfractions were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and 1 H‐NMR. Aliphatic subfraction was conducted to gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy for further characterization. The results for the characterization show that using pistachio shell as a renewable source to produce valuable liquid products is applicable via pyrolysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.