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Electrocoagulation of Pb 2+ , Co 2+ , and Mn 2+ from simulated wastewater: An algorithmic optimization using hybrid RSM–GA–PSO
Author(s) -
Uzoh Chigozie Francolins,
Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo,
Ozofor Ikenna Henry
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
environmental progress and sustainable energy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.495
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1944-7450
pISSN - 1944-7442
DOI - 10.1002/ep.13301
Subject(s) - particle swarm optimization , response surface methodology , central composite design , electrode , electrocoagulation , analytical chemistry (journal) , wastewater , current density , chemistry , particle size , materials science , mathematics , physics , environmental engineering , chromatography , algorithm , environmental science , quantum mechanics
Efficiency of electrocoagulation process for the removal of heavy metals (Pb 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Co 2+ ) from simulated wastewater was investigated using iron electrode pair at five operational variables: pH (2–10), current density (0.076–0.189 A/cm 2 ), inter‐electrode distance (3–7 cm), solution temperature (30–70°C), and charging time (5–20 min). Experiments were conducted as per central composite design (CCD), and the data was used for model building. Algorithmic optimization via hybrid response surface methodology (RSM)–genetic algorithm (GA)–particle swarm optimization (PSO) was studied where Pb 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Co 2+ removal efficiency were monitored as responses from the finding equations of the CCD. Transition to the optimum removal (≥90%) of Pb 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Co 2+ ions was achieved with current density of 0.19 A/cm 2 , solution temperature of 70°C, mean electrode distance of 3 cm and pH of 6.6 and charging time of 25 min for PSO relative to GA and RSM. Corresponding experiments conducted with the global optimal conditions show that the actual results (98.5, 90, 99%) were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical results of RSM (94.09, 90.82, 85.08%), GA (102.08, 87.91, 101.55%), and PSO (100.58, 90.91, 101.05%) for Pb 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Co 2+ , respectively. The mean error indices of 6.43, 2.83, and 1.73% for RSM, GA, and PSO, respectively, indicate that PSO guarantees best convergences to true optimal.