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A Novel Dopamine‐Based Boronate Esters with the Organic Base as Highly Efficient, Stable, and Green Catalysts for the Conversion of CO 2 with Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates
Author(s) -
Kilic Ahmet,
Aytar Emine,
Beyazsakal Levent
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.202100478
Subject(s) - chemistry , catalysis , melting point , solvent , organic chemistry
A series of dopamine‐based mono‐ and dinuclear boronate esters are studied as stable, efficient, and green metal‐free catalysts for coupling CO 2 with epoxides under suitable and solvent‐free conditions. Under the optimized reaction conditions, dinuclear boronate esters compared with those with mononuclear compounds display high catalytic activity and selectivity for the chemical conversion of CO 2 into cyclic organic carbonates as a valuable product. Ferrocene group containing boronate ester (B 4a ) display the highest activity for the carboxylation of epichlorohydrin at 100 °C and 1.6 MPa of CO 2 pressure, obtaining 96.3% conversion after just 2 h. After seeing a high catalytic performance of trigonal‐planar boronate ester (B 1 –B 5 ) and tetrahedral boronate ester (B 1a –B 5a ) catalysts, the effect of ionic liquid, epoxide, base, temperature, CO 2 pressure, reaction time, and amount of catalyst/substrate/cocatalyst is investigated for these catalysts. The newly synthesized dopamine‐based trigonal‐planar and tetrahedral boronate esters are entirely characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, and 11 B NMR) spectroscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and LC–MS/MS spectrometry.