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On the Capacities of Freestanding Vanadium Pentoxide–Carbon Nanotube–Nanocellulose Paper Electrodes for Charge Storage Applications
Author(s) -
Etman Ahmed S.,
Wang Zhaohui,
Yuan Youyou,
Nyholm Leif,
Rosen Johanna
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.202000731
Subject(s) - nanocellulose , pentoxide , materials science , vanadium , horizontal scan rate , carbon nanotube , electrolyte , electrode , electrochemistry , chemical engineering , cellulose , carbon fibers , diffusion , dissolution , nanotechnology , energy storage , analytical chemistry (journal) , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , cyclic voltammetry , composite number , engineering , power (physics) , quantum mechanics , metallurgy , thermodynamics , physics
Herein, a one‐step protocol for synthesizing freestanding 20 μm thick cellulose paper electrodes composed of V 2 O 5 ⋅ H 2 O nanosheets (VOx), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and Cladophora cellulose (CC) is reported. In 1.0 m Na 2 SO 4 , the VO x –CNT–CC electrodes deliver capacities of about 200 and 50 C g −1 at scan rates of 20 and 500 mV s −1 , respectively. The obtained capacities are compared with the theoretical capacities and are discussed based on the electrochemical reactions and the mass loadings of the electrodes. It is shown that the capacities are diffusion rate limited and, consequently, depend on the distribution and thickness of the V 2 O 5 ⋅ H 2 O nanosheets, whereas the long‐term cycling stabilities depend on vanadium species dissolving in the electrolyte. The electrodes feature high mass loadings (2 mg cm −2 ), good rate performances (25% capacity retention at 500 mV s −1 ), and capacity retentions of 85% after 8000 cycles. A symmetric VO x –CNT–CC energy storage device with a potential window of about 1 V exhibits a capacity of 40 C g −1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s −1 .