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Hybrid Anodes of Lithium Titanium Oxide and Carbon Onions for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Energy Storage
Author(s) -
Shim Hwirim,
Arnold Stefanie,
Budak Öznil,
Ulbricht Maike,
Srimuk Pattarachai,
Presser Volker
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.202000679
Subject(s) - ethylene carbonate , electrochemistry , electrolyte , dimethyl carbonate , anode , materials science , carbon fibers , inorganic chemistry , lithium (medication) , ethylene oxide , oxide , lithium titanate , lithium ion battery , chemical engineering , battery (electricity) , chemistry , electrode , organic chemistry , composite number , catalysis , copolymer , endocrinology , engineering , composite material , polymer , power (physics) , quantum mechanics , metallurgy , medicine , physics
This study demonstrates the hybridization of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) with different types of carbon onions synthesized from nanodiamonds. The carbon onions mixed with a Li 4 Ti 5 O x precursor for sol–gel synthesis. These hybrid materials are tested as anodes for both lithium‐ion battery (LIB) and sodium‐ion battery (SIB). Electrochemical characterization for LIB application is carried out using 1 m LiPF 6 in a 1:1 (by volume) ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate as the electrolyte. For lithium‐ion intercalation, LTO hybridized with carbon onions from the inert‐gas route achieves an excellent electrochemical performance of 188 mAh g −1 at 10 mA g −1 , which maintains 100 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 and has a cycling stability of 96% of initial capacity after 400 cycles, thereby outperforming both neat LTO and LTO with onions obtained via vacuum treatment. The performance of the best‐performing hybrid material (LTO with carbon onions from argon annealing) in an SIB is tested, using 1 m NaClO 4 in ethylene/dimethyl/fluoroethylene carbonate (19:19:2 by mass) as the electrolyte. A maximum capacity of 102 mAh g −1 for the SIB system is obtained, with a capacity retention of 96% after 500 cycles.