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Catalytic Growth of Graphitic Carbon‐Coated Silicon as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium Storage
Author(s) -
Shi Minyuan,
Nie Ping,
Fu Ruirui,
Fang Shan,
Li Zihan,
Dou Hui,
Zhang Xiaogang
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.201900502
Subject(s) - materials science , silicon , anode , carbon fibers , lithium (medication) , chemical vapor deposition , chemical engineering , composite number , nanotechnology , porous silicon , fabrication , catalysis , electrode , composite material , chemistry , metallurgy , organic chemistry , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology , engineering , endocrinology
Although silicon is considered as one of the most promising anode materials in next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, large volumetric expansion during cycling hampers its practical application. The fabrication of silicon/carbon composites is an effective way to improve electrical conductivity and inhibit electroactive material delaminating from the current collector. Herein, a graphitic carbon‐coated porous silicon nanospheres (p‐SiNSs@C) composite is prepared through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique by using the magnesiothermic reduction by‐product MgO as a template and catalyst. With the template of in situ generation of MgO, the p‐SiNSs@C material is obtained in a very short time. Due to the graphitic carbon shell and porous structure inside the silicon nanospheres, the obtained p‐SiNSs@C, with 8 min carbon growing time (p‐SiNSs@C‐2), deliver a high initial reversible capacity of 2220 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 and respectable rate capability. Furthermore, the p‐SiNSs@C‐2//LiCoO 2 Li‐ion full cell displays a high energy density of ≈409 Wh kg −1 and good cycling performance. The high performance of the p‐SiNSs@C‐2 composite can be attributed to the synergistic effect of nanoscale‐sized Si, porous structure, and stable carbon shell.