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Serpentinite Carbonation Process Routes using Ammonium Sulfate and Integration in Industry
Author(s) -
Zevenhoven Ron,
Slotte Martin,
Koivisto Evelina,
Erlund Rickard
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.201600702
Subject(s) - carbonation , waste management , environmental science , lime , steelmaking , kiln , magnesium , chemistry , materials science , metallurgy , chemical engineering , engineering
Vast resources of serpenitinite rock available worldwide are capable of binding CO 2 amounts that diminish the capacity of methods based on geological storage of CO 2 . R&D has been ongoing in Finland for many years on developing large‐scale application of process routes for serpentinite carbonation. Several routes have been assessed in the laboratory, in all cases using ammonium salts to extract magnesium from rock followed by carbonation either in a gas/solid reactor at elevated temperatures and pressures or in an aqueous solution at ambient conditions. The choice for either route is motivated by the CO 2 ‐producing source, (waste) heat availability, the magnesium (hydro‐)carbonate product aimed at, and a preference for energy efficiency or simplicity. Rocks from several locations have been analysed. A special issue is the recovery of the ammonium flux salt, typically from an aqueous solution. As for application, several industry sectors are considered, such as a (natural gas fired) power plant, a lime kiln, or iron‐ and steelmaking, applying mineral carbonation (MC) to blast furnace top gas. The analysis includes life cycle assessment (LCA). Finally, the use of magnesium (hydro‐)carbonates for heat storage is addressed.