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Technical Potential of Buildings in Germany as Flexible Power‐to‐Heat Storage for Smart‐Grid Operation
Author(s) -
Kohlhepp Peter,
Hagenmeyer Veit
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.201600655
Subject(s) - usable , renewable energy , thermal energy storage , energy storage , smart grid , demand response , grid , renewable heat , load shifting , process engineering , reliability engineering , computer science , environmental economics , environmental science , power (physics) , automotive engineering , engineering , electrical engineering , electricity , mechanical engineering , heat pump , economics , ecology , physics , geometry , mathematics , heat exchanger , quantum mechanics , world wide web , biology , hybrid heat
Abstract Storage is a key concept to cope with a growing supply of volatile renewable energy. Compared with genuine grid storage (power↔X), domestic heating and cooling, operated as flexible loads (power to heat), promises to lower infrastructure costs and offers potential for a short‐term demand response. Before designing new service markets, the true technical potential must be assessed. Herein, storage capacity is estimated by exploiting the entire thermally usable building mass as back‐end storage. Balancing power is determined from the steady‐state coincidence factor of buildings seen as thermostatically controlled load (TCL) populations. Results are reported for the residential and tertiary sectors in Germany by considering six classes of heating and cooling equipment. One advantage of the method is simplicity, which results in closed‐form estimates derived top‐down from nationwide and publicly available data on the building stock.