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Synthesis of Well‐Crystallized, High‐Performance LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 Octahedra as Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Electrode Promoted by Metal Manganese Powders
Author(s) -
Liu Haiqiang,
Jiang Yi,
Tan Xinghua,
Chen Jiankun,
Guo Yanjun,
Wang Hanfu,
Chu Weiguo
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.201600310
Subject(s) - manganese , spinel , octahedron , materials science , lithium (medication) , metal , electrode , oxygen evolution , inorganic chemistry , ion , lattice constant , electrochemistry , crystal structure , crystallography , chemistry , metallurgy , diffraction , medicine , endocrinology , physics , organic chemistry , optics
Abstract Metal Mn powders instead of conventional Mn salts were used for the first time tried as a Mn source to synthesize high‐performance LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (M‐LNMO) using a sol–gel method. Mn powders promote the formation of well‐crystallized octahedra with the Fd 3 m spinel structure. M‐LNMO has a lower stress, a slightly smaller lattice constant, which arises from the lower amount of Mn 3+ because of the lower oxygen deficiency, a higher cation ordering, and longer Li−O and shorter Mn (Ni)−O bonds than LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 synthesized from manganese acetate (MA‐LNMO). The well‐crystallized octahedra, the low stress, the low amount of Mn 3+ , and the long Li−O and short Mn (Ni)−O bonds for M‐LNMO result in its excellent performance such as a discharge capacity of 68 mAh g −1 at 50 C and a capacity retention of 90 % after 600 cycles at 10 C. This study raises the possibility to promote the synthesis of high‐performance LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 for mass production by using cheap and simple Mn sources such as Mn powders.