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Polyvinyl Alcohol Functionalized Solid Acid Catalyst DIC A T‐1 for Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Green Solvent
Author(s) -
Pawar Hitesh S.,
Lali Arvind M.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.201500498
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , yield (engineering) , solvent , polyvinyl alcohol , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , nuclear chemistry , acetone , organic chemistry , materials science , chemical engineering , engineering , metallurgy
Microwave‐assisted cyclodehydration of fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) was studied herein over polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐functionalized solid acid catalyst DIC A T‐1 in low‐boiling green solvents. Of the tested solvent systems [isopropanol (IPA), tert ‐butyl alcohol, THF, acetone, CH 3 CN, DMF, and DMSO], IPA was the preferred low boiling point (LBP) reaction medium, resulting in 95 % fructose conversion and 85 % 5‐HMF yield in 120 s. The characteristic dispersibility and swelling properties of DIC A T‐1 in IPA had a significant effect on 5‐HMF yield. The catalyst DIC A T‐1 was stable and robust under the reaction conditions and easily recycled. The structural and morphological characteristics of the catalyst were elucidated by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, and N 2 sorption analysis. DIC A T‐1 has covalently bonded −SO 3 H active sites, an amorphous nature, and mesoporous surface morphology; these features result in excellent performance in IPA. Estimated values of turnover number, turnover frequency, E‐factor, and process mass intensity categorize the overall process as environmentally safe for the production of 5‐HMF. A catalytic mechanism for 5‐HMF formation on DIC A T‐1 is proposed.