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A Polyionic, Large‐Format Energy Storage Device Using an Aqueous Electrolyte and Thick‐Format Composite NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /Activated Carbon Negative Electrodes
Author(s) -
Whitacre J. F.,
Shanbhag S.,
Mohamed A.,
Polonsky A.,
Carlisle K.,
Gulakowski J.,
Wu W.,
Smith C.,
Cooney L.,
Blackwood D.,
Dandrea J. C.,
Truchot C.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
energy technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.91
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2194-4296
pISSN - 2194-4288
DOI - 10.1002/ente.201402127
Subject(s) - anode , electrolyte , electrochemistry , energy storage , composite number , cathode , electrode , materials science , aqueous solution , chemical engineering , activated carbon , carbon fibers , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , composite material , chromatography , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , power (physics) , physics , engineering , adsorption
A composite anode comprising blended NASICON‐structured NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and activated carbon has been implemented in an aqueous electrolyte electrochemical energy storage device. A simple solid‐state synthetic route based on low‐cost precursors was used to produce the NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , and thick (>1 mm) freestanding electrodes were fabricated with a range of activated carbon mass fractions. Electrochemical analyses showed the efficacy and stability of this composite anode combination in a functional paradigm where both Na + and Li + cations can participate in the charge storage reactions. Use of this composite anode in concert with a λ‐MnO 2 ‐based cathode results in an energy storage device that is low cost, robust, and of sufficient energy density to be implemented in stationary applications. Data from large‐format units that contain many cells in series indicate that string‐level self‐balancing occurs, an effect that can be relied on for making cycle‐stable high‐voltage strings of cells.