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Genotoxicity of m ‐phenylenediamine and 2‐aminofluorene in Salmonella typhimurium and human lymphocytes with and without plant activation
Author(s) -
Plewa Michael J.,
Wagner Elizabeth D.,
Yu T.W.,
Anderson Diana
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
environmental and molecular mutagenesis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1098-2280
pISSN - 0893-6692
DOI - 10.1002/em.2850260211
Subject(s) - genotoxicity , salmonella , comet assay , chemistry , in vitro , carcinogen , potency , microbiology and biotechnology , dna damage , mutagenesis , mutagen , incubation , dna , biology , biochemistry , toxicity , bacteria , mutation , gene , genetics , organic chemistry
Abstract The promutagenic arylamines, m ‐phenylenediamine ( m PDA) and 2‐aminofluorene (2‐AF), were evaluated for their genotoxicity in Salmonella typhimurium strain YG 1024 and in human lymphocytes. These agents were assayed with and without TX1MX plant activation mix. Both arylamines without activation were refractory in S. typhimurium , demonstrating that plant activation was required for the generation of their ultimate mutagenic metabolites. However, using the alkaline single‐cell gel/ Comet assay, both m PDA and 2‐AF directly induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. This effect was reduced when the human cells were treated with the arylamine plus TXIMX. m PDA with or without plant activation was not toxic to the exposed cells. However, at concentrations over 80 μM, 2‐AF was toxic to lymphocytes. This toxic response was eliminated by incubation with TX1MX. m PDA and 2‐AF were plant‐activated into mutagens for S. typhimurium. However, these plant‐activated products had a reduced genotoxic potency in human lymphocytes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.