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Employment of adult mammalian primary cells in toxicology: In vivo and in vitro genotoxic effects of environmentally significant N‐nitrosodialkylamines in cells of the liver, lung, and kidney
Author(s) -
Pool Beatrice L.,
Brendler S. Y.,
Liegibel U. M.,
Tompa A.,
Schmezer P.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
environmental and molecular mutagenesis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1098-2280
pISSN - 0893-6692
DOI - 10.1002/em.2850150105
Subject(s) - in vivo , carcinogen , genotoxicity , in vitro , in vitro toxicology , biology , trypan blue , kidney , hamster , dna damage , carcinogenesis , toxicity , toxicology , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , chemistry , dna , biochemistry , genetics , gene , organic chemistry
This report focuses on the use of freshly isolated primary mammalian cells from different tissues and organs of the rat for the rapid and efficient analysis of toxic and genotoxic chemicals. The cells are either treated in vitro or they are isolated from treated animals. Viability by trypan blue exclusion and DNA damage as single‐strand breaks are monitored in either case. Therefore, it is possible to compare in vitro and in vivo results directly. N‐nitrosamines with unique organ‐specific modes in carcinogenesis were studied in vitro using hepatocytes derived from three species (rat, hamster, and pig) and in rat lung and kidney cells. The sensitive detection of all carcinogenic nitrosamines was achieved, although a pattern of cell‐specific activation was not observable. The new modification of the in vivo approach allowed the sensitive detection of NDMA genotoxicity in hepatic and in extrahepatic tissues. It is important to point out that the method is an efficient tool for toxicokinetic studies with genotoxic carcinogens in vivo.