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Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2 (5H)‐furanone: A potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water
Author(s) -
Meier John R.,
Blazak William F.,
Knohl Richard B.
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
environmental and molecular mutagenesis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1098-2280
pISSN - 0893-6692
DOI - 10.1002/em.2850100410
Subject(s) - mutagen , clastogen , micronucleus test , ames test , chinese hamster ovary cell , chinese hamster , chemistry , carcinogen , bone marrow , toxicology , genotoxicity , micronucleus , antimutagen , toxicity , food science , pharmacology , biochemistry , biology , genetics , in vitro , salmonella , immunology , bacteria , receptor , organic chemistry
3‐Chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MX) was found to be a direct‐acting mutagen in the Ames test for strains TA1535, TA1538, TA92, TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102. The highest mutagenic response (∼13,000 revertants/nmol) was seen in strain TA100. The TA100 response was six‐ to tenfold higher than in TA98, TA97, and TA102, and 100‐ to 500‐fold higher than in TA1535, TA92, and TA1538. The addition of a 9,000 × g supernatant fraction (S‐9) from livers of polychlorinated biphenyl‐treated rats, along with cofactors for NADPH generation, resulted in a 90% reduction in the TA100 mutagenicity. MX induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells after 6–8 hr exposure without S‐9 at a dose as low as 4 μg/ml, and after 2 hr exposure with S‐9 at a dose of 75 μg/ml. The oral dose of MX lethal to 50% (LD 50 ) in Swiss‐Webster mice was determined to be 128 mg/kg. MX did not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow when administered by oral gavage at doses up to 70% of the LD 50 .