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XRCC1 coordinates disparate responses and multiprotein repair complexes depending on the nature and context of the DNA damage
Author(s) -
HanssenBauer Audun,
SolvangGarten Karin,
Sundheim Ottar,
PeñaDiaz Javier,
Andersen Sonja,
Slupphaug Geir,
Krokan Hans E.,
Wilson David M.,
Akbari Mansour,
Otterlei Marit
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental and molecular mutagenesis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1098-2280
pISSN - 0893-6692
DOI - 10.1002/em.20663
Subject(s) - xrcc1 , dna damage , dna repair , proliferating cell nuclear antigen , biology , base excision repair , context (archaeology) , dna , dna replication , colocalization , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , gene , paleontology , genotype , single nucleotide polymorphism
XRCC1 is a scaffold protein capable of interacting with several DNA repair proteins. Here we provide evidence for the presence of XRCC1 in different complexes of sizes from 200 to 1500 kDa, and we show that immunoprecipitates using XRCC1 as bait are capable of complete repair of AP sites via both short patch (SP) and long patch (LP) base excision repair (BER). We show that POLβ and PNK colocalize with XRCC1 in replication foci and that POLβ and PNK, but not PCNA, colocalize with constitutively present XRCC1‐foci as well as damage‐induced foci when low doses of a DNA‐damaging agent are applied. We demonstrate that the laser dose used for introducing DNA damage determines the repertoire of DNA repair proteins recruited. Furthermore, we demonstrate that recruitment of POLβ and PNK to regions irradiated with low laser dose requires XRCC1 and that inhibition of PARylation by PARP‐inhibitors only slightly reduces the recruitment of XRCC1, PNK, or POLβ to sites of DNA damage. Recruitment of PCNA and FEN‐1 requires higher doses of irradiation and is enhanced by XRCC1, as well as by accumulation of PARP‐1 at the site of DNA damage. These data improve our understanding of recruitment of BER proteins to sites of DNA damage and provide evidence for a role of XRCC1 in the organization of BER into multiprotein complexes of different sizes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.