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Mutagenicity of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA /pKM101 and WP2/pKM101, using a gas exposure method
Author(s) -
Araki Akihiro,
Kamigaito Nobuyuki,
Sasaki Toshiaki,
Matsushima Taijiro
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
environmental and molecular mutagenesis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1098-2280
pISSN - 0893-6692
DOI - 10.1002/em.20005
Subject(s) - chemistry , chloroform , salmonella , carbon tetrachloride , glutathione , carcinogen , ames test , chromatography , biochemistry , bacteria , organic chemistry , biology , genetics , enzyme
Abstract The volatile solvents carbon tetrachloride and chloroform are carcinogens that are often reported as nonmutagenic in bacterial mutagenicity assays. In this study, we evaluated the mutagenicity of these compounds in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA /pKM101 and WP2/pKM101, with and without S9 mix, using a gas exposure method. Tests were also conducted with a glutathione‐supplemented S9 mix. Carbon tetrachloride was mutagenic in TA98 without S9 mix, and in WP2/pKM101 and WP2 uvrA /pKM101 with and without S9 mix; carbon tetrachloride was not mutagenic in TA100, TA1535 or TA1537. Chloroform was mutagenic in WP2/pKM101, but only in the presence of glutathione‐supplemented S9 mix. Chloroform was not mutagenic in TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or WP2 uvrA /pKM101 with or without S9 mix, and was not mutagenic in TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or WP2 uvrA /pKM101 in the presence of glutathione‐supplemented S9 mix. The data indicate that carbon tetrachloride and chloroform are bacterial mutagens when adequate exposure conditions are employed and suggest that a genotoxic mode of action could contribute to the carcinogenicity of these compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 43:128–133, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.