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Insights into the uptake, metabolization, and translocation of four non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in cress ( Lepidium sativum ) by HPLC‐MS 2
Author(s) -
Emhofer Lisa,
Himmelsbach Markus,
Buchberger Wolfgang,
Klampfl Christian W.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
electrophoresis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.666
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1522-2683
pISSN - 0173-0835
DOI - 10.1002/elps.201700438
Subject(s) - lepidium sativum , chemistry , sativum , chromatography , high performance liquid chromatography , quechers , extraction (chemistry) , chromosomal translocation , drug , pharmacology , botany , biology , biochemistry , pesticide , germination , gene , pesticide residue , agronomy
The metabolization of four non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs by cress ( Lepidium sativum ) was investigated using a HPLC‐MS 2 method. Cress was grown hydroponically in water containing 0.1 mg/L of each drug for investigations on the kinetics of drug uptake and metabolization over a growing period of 12 days. It could be shown that the parent drugs are metabolized and the abundance of both the parent drug and the metabolites formed, varies over time. Furthermore the distribution of the investigated substances within the different plant parts changed throughout the duration of the experiment due to translocation. Finally cress was cultivated in a solution containing the four drugs in concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/L to resemble the situation in real reclaimed wastewaters. Employing a QuEChERS approach for sample extraction and HPLC‐MS 2 in the multiple reaction monitoring mode allowed detecting nine metabolites in this cress sample.