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NMR methodologies in the analysis of blueberries
Author(s) -
Capitani Donatella,
Sobolev Anatoly P.,
Delfini Maurizio,
Vista Silvia,
Antiochia Riccarda,
Proietti Noemi,
Bubici Salvatore,
Ferrante Gianni,
Carradori Simone,
Salvador Flavio Roberto De,
Mannina Luisa
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
electrophoresis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.666
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1522-2683
pISSN - 0173-0835
DOI - 10.1002/elps.201300629
Subject(s) - chemistry , petunidin , malvidin , chromatography , food chemistry , proton nmr , delphinidin , phenols , anthocyanin , carbon 13 nmr , polyphenol , organic chemistry , food science , green chemistry , supramolecular chemistry , cyanidin , molecule , antioxidant
An NMR analytical protocol based on complementary high and low field measurements is proposed for blueberry characterization. Untargeted NMR metabolite profiling of blueberries aqueous and organic extracts as well as targeted NMR analysis focused on anthocyanins and other phenols are reported. Bligh‐Dyer and microwave‐assisted extractions were carried out and compared showing a better recovery of lipidic fraction in the case of microwave procedure. Water‐soluble metabolites belonging to different classes such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, as well as metabolites soluble in organic solvent such as triglycerides, sterols, and fatty acids, were identified. Five anthocyanins (malvidin‐3‐glucoside, malvidin‐3‐galactoside, delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, delphinidin‐3‐galactoside, and petunidin‐3‐glucoside) and 3‐ O ‐α‐ l ‐rhamnopyranosyl quercetin were identified in solid phase extract. The water status of fresh and withered blueberries was monitored by portable NMR and fast‐field cycling NMR. 1 H depth profiles, T 2 transverse relaxation times and dispersion profiles were found to be sensitive to the withering.