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Analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate derivatized amphetamine and analogs in human urine by capillary electrophoresis in chip‐based and fused‐silica capillary instrumentation
Author(s) -
Ramseier Andreas,
Heeren Franz Von,
Thormann Wolfgang
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
electrophoresis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.666
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1522-2683
pISSN - 0173-0835
DOI - 10.1002/elps.1150191628
Subject(s) - chromatography , capillary electrophoresis , chemistry , derivatization , detection limit , micellar electrokinetic chromatography , fluorescein isothiocyanate , urine , amine gas treating , fluorescein , solid phase extraction , isothiocyanate , electrophoresis , fluorescence , high performance liquid chromatography , biochemistry , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Amines can easily be derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using alkaline buffers with or without dodecyl sulfate micelles. This paper reports the CE analysis of FITC‐derivatized amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphet‐amine and β‐phenylethylamine in human urine using chip‐based and fused‐silica capillary instrumentation with laser‐induced fluorescence detection. Data obtained via direct labeling of fortified urine are compared to those generated after FITC labeling of urinary extracts that were prepared by solid‐phase extraction using a copolymer phase. For a urine volume of 5 mL with a “spiked amine”: FITC ratio of 1:250, the latter approach was found to provide a sensitivity that is relevant for toxicological drug screening and confirmation (about 200 ng/mL urine). With direct labeling of 10 μL urine that was alkalinized and diluted for derivatization, the limit of identification was determined to be about 10 μg/mL, a value that is too high for practical purposes. Compared to fused‐silica capillaries, electrophoresis in microstructures is shown to provide faster separations and higher efficiencies without loss of accuracy and precision.