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Formation of natural pH gradients in sequential moving boundary systems with solvent counterions. I. Theory
Author(s) -
Hjelmeland L. M.,
Chrambach A.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
electrophoresis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.666
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1522-2683
pISSN - 0173-0835
DOI - 10.1002/elps.1150040103
Subject(s) - counterion , chemistry , displacement (psychology) , boundary (topology) , ion , conductance , proton , inverse , chromatography , chemical physics , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , mathematical analysis , organic chemistry , physics , geometry , psychology , mathematics , quantum mechanics , psychotherapist , condensed matter physics
The moving boundary theory has been applied to the special case in which the proton and hydroxyl ion are the sole counterions. Moving boundaries between two monovalent weak acids, two biprotic acidic ampholytes, two weak bases and two biprotic basic ampholytes were considered. This application of the theory leads to constituent concentration relationships, values for pH and conductance of each phase and step pH gradients when sequential moving boundaries are considered. In addition, rigorous conditions for achieving the steady‐state in such systems are also presented. Application of the theory allows for the prediction of the formation and displacement of pH gradients. In contrast to the classical theory of pH gradients formed by ampholytes, the establishment of inverse pH gradients and the electrophoretic displacement of natural pH gradients is clearly accounted for.