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Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode for Ciprofloxacin Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Square Wave Voltammetry
Author(s) -
Alves Guilherme Figueira,
Lisboa Thalles Pedrosa,
Faria Lucas Vinícius,
Farias Davi Marques,
Matos Maria Auxiliadora Costa,
Matos Renato Camargo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/elan.202060432
Subject(s) - detection limit , pencil (optics) , electrode , reproducibility , square wave , voltammetry , materials science , pharmaceutical formulation , electrochemistry , linear range , chromatography , graphite , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , optics , composite material , electrical engineering , physics , voltage , engineering
In this work, a new electrochemical sensor based on pencil graphite with interesting features, such as low cost (US$ 0.01 per electrode), ease manufacture, and portability was developed. The sensor showed an adequate manufacturing reproducibility with RSD <5.3 %. Under this electrochemical platform, ciprofloxacin underwent an irreversible oxidation process at 1.03 V, characterized by the diffusion of electroactive species. A simple method by square wave voltammetry (SWV) has been optimized for the determination of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations using a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The method showed satisfactory analytical performance, with a wide linear range (12 to 55 μmol L −1 ), low detection limit (5.6 μmol L −1 ), adequate precision (RSD <3.2 %), and accuracy with an average recovery of (102±15)%. Samples of pharmaceutical formulations were evaluated, obtaining levels of ciprofloxacin close to those established by the manufacturers. In addition, the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography and there was no significant difference between the methods at the 95 % confidence level. In this sense, the method developed proved to be reliable and promising for the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations.