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Incorporation of Tetrazolium Blue (TB)/Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) into Carbon Paste Electrode: Application as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Sensitive and Selective Determination of Sotalol in Micellar Medium
Author(s) -
Mohamed Mona A.,
Fekry Amany M.,
ElShal Manal A.,
Banks Craig E.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/elan.201700359
Subject(s) - dielectric spectroscopy , chronoamperometry , cyclic voltammetry , differential pulse voltammetry , colloidal gold , electrochemistry , analyte , electrochemical gas sensor , electrode , carbon paste electrode , detection limit , horizontal scan rate , chemistry , nuclear chemistry , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , nanoparticle , chromatography , nanotechnology
The electrochemical oxidation of Sotalol (SOT) based on Tetrazolium Blue (TB)/gold nanoparticles (GNPs)‐modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE) have been studied in the presence of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques have all been utilized within this study. GNPs and TB have a synergetic effect‐giving rise to highly improved electrochemical responses and provide an advantageous platform for the basis of an electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. The experimental parameters, electrodeposition time, pH and scan rate have all been examined and optimized. The sensing of SOT via DPV is found to exhibit a wide linear dynamic range of 1.0×10 −7 –7.5×10 −4 M in pH 2. LOD and LOQ were calculated and found to correspond to 2.5×10 −8 M and 8.3×10 −8 M, respectively. The suggested sensor has been used successfully for SOT determination in pharmaceutical samples and human urine as real samples. Satisfactory recoveries of analyte from these samples are demonstrated indicating that the suggested sensor is highly suitable for clinical analysis, quality control and a routine determination of SOT in pharmaceutical formulations.