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Electrogeneration of O 2 .− and H 2 O 2 Using Polymer‐modified Microelectrodes in the Environment of Living Cells
Author(s) -
Dongmo Saustin,
Leyk Janina,
Dosche Carsten,
RichterLandsberg Christiane,
Wollenberger Ulla,
Wittstock Gunther
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/elan.201600267
Subject(s) - microelectrode , amperometry , chemistry , polymer , hydrogen peroxide , oxygen , reactive oxygen species , fluorescence , electrochemistry , disproportionation , nuclear chemistry , electrode , photochemistry , organic chemistry , biochemistry , catalysis , physics , quantum mechanics
Microelectrodes modified with electropolymerized plumbagin (PLG) were used for the generation of superoxide radical (O 2 .− ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an aqueous medium, specifically in serum‐free cell culture media. This is enabled by the specific design of a polymer film on the microelectrode. The generation and diffusion of O 2 .− during electrocatalytic ORR at a positionable PLG polymer‐modified microelectrode was followed by fluorescence microscopy with the selective dye 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐Cl) and by amperometric detection using a cytochrome c‐modified electrode at +0.13 V. H 2 O 2 production, either by direct oxygen reduction or as product of O 2 .− disproportionation, was monitored by the reaction with Amplex UltraRed. The PLG polymer‐modified microelectrodes were used to expose mammalian B6‐RPE07 retinal cells to defined local fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular responses and morphological alterations were observed. The use of a controllable source of ROS opens many possibilities to study how living cells respond to the presence of a certain flux of specific ROS.