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Multiplex Immunosensor Arrays for Electrochemical Detection of Cancer Biomarker Proteins
Author(s) -
Munge Bernard S.,
Stracensky Thomas,
Gamez Kathleen,
DiBiase Dimitri,
Rusling James F.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/elan.201600183
Subject(s) - multiplex , microfluidics , nanotechnology , biomarker , cancer biomarkers , computer science , electrochemiluminescence , point of care testing , materials science , cancer , detection limit , bioinformatics , chemistry , medicine , chromatography , biology , pathology , biochemistry
Measuring panels of protein biomarkers offer a new personalized approach to early cancer detection, disease monitoring and patients’ response to therapy. Multiplex electrochemical methods are uniquely positioned to provide faster, more sensitive, point of care (POC) devices to detect protein biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Nanomaterials‐based electrochemical methods offer sensitivity needed for early cancer detection. This review discusses recent advances in multiplex electrochemical immunosensors for cancer diagnostics and disease monitoring. Different electrochemical strategies including enzyme‐based immunoarrays, nanoparticle‐based immunoarrays and electrochemiluminescence methods are discussed. Many of these methods have been integrated into microfluidic systems, but measurement of more than 2–4 protein markers in a small single serum sample is still a challenge. For POC applications, a simple, low cost method is required. Major challenges in multiplexed microfluidic immunoassays are reagent additions and washing steps that require creative engineering solutions. 3‐D printed microfluidics and paper‐based microfluidic devices are also explored.