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Voltammetric Oxidation of Drugs of Abuse II. Codeine and Metabolites
Author(s) -
Garrido J. M. P. J.,
DelerueMatos C.,
Borges F.,
Macedo T. R. A.,
OliveiraBrett A. M.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/elan.200302967
Subject(s) - codeine , chemistry , differential pulse voltammetry , glassy carbon , cyclic voltammetry , voltammetry , electrode , electrochemistry , morphine , pharmacology , medicine
Abstract The oxidation of codeine on glassy carbon electrodes has been studied in detail using differential pulse voltammetry. The results obtained using a glassy carbon electrode clearly show a much more complex oxidation mechanism than that previously reported when platinum and gold electrodes were used. To clarify the codeine oxidative profile, several metabolites and analogues of this alkaloid, codeine N ‐oxide, norcodeine, dihydrocodeine, acetylcodeine and 6‐chlorodesoxycodeine, were synthesized and studied. It was deduced that the anodic waves observed in codeine oxidation are related to the presence of methoxy, hydroxy and tertiary amine groups. Due to the similarity of potentials at which these oxidative processes take place, at some pHs an overlap of peaks occurs and only one anodic wave is observed.