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Rapid calibration‐free determination of lead in microliter amounts of whole blood
Author(s) -
Jagner Daniel,
Ma Feng,
Wang Yudong
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/elan.1140081020
Subject(s) - chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , stripping (fiber) , electrolysis , whole blood , polarography , cadmium , distilled water , lead (geology) , calibration , chromatography , electrode , materials science , inorganic chemistry , electrolyte , organic chemistry , immunology , composite material , biology , geology , statistics , mathematics , geomorphology
A calibration‐free method using portable instrumentation and thus suitable for field screening of lead in whole blood is described. Whole blood (2.5 μL) is diluted first with distilled water (5.0 μL) and then with a matrix‐modifying solution (17.5 μL) containing 0.50M HCl, 600 mg/L Hg II , 5% v./v. Triton X‐100 and l00 μg/L of cadmium( II ), the latter being used for performance check. A 12 μL subsample is then electrolyzed for 2 min. on a vibrating glassy carbon electrode whereby 90% of the lead( II ) ions are reduced to amalgamated lead. Stripping oxidation is then performed with a constant current of 40μA. In two consecutive stripping oxidations the chemical contribution (chemical current) to the oxidation is determined facilitating calculation of the total amount of lead( II ) in the sample using Coulombs law subsequent to correction for nonquantitative electrolysis. Results obtained on analysis of certified blood standards deviated less than 14 μg/L on the 3 sigma level in the concentration range 22–118 μg/L and by less than 13% on the 3 sigma level in the range 220–616 μg/L.