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Contextual changes in the prototypicality of extreme and moderate outgroup members
Author(s) -
Haslam S. Alexander,
Oakes Penelope J.,
McGarty Craig,
Turner John C.,
Onorato Rina S.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
european journal of social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1099-0992
pISSN - 0046-2772
DOI - 10.1002/ejsp.2420250504
Subject(s) - categorization , outgroup , psychology , salience (neuroscience) , social psychology , salient , social identity theory , cognitive psychology , representativeness heuristic , social group , linguistics , philosophy , computer science , artificial intelligence
Previous social categorization research has tended to treat prototypicality (the degree to which a stimulus is representative of a category) as a fixed stimulus property. In contrast, self‐categorization theory sees prototypicality as an aspect of the categorization process that is dependent on features of the social context within which categorization takes place. To test this view two experiments ( N s = 256, 73) examined the perceived representativeness of extreme and moderate members of the same target outgroup in conditions which manipulated the salience of intergroup division. As predicted, the extremist was seen to be relatively more representative of the outgroup than the moderate to the extent that intergroup differences were salient. In Experiment 1 the extremist's message was also seen to be less important in low salience conditions and in Experiment 2 shifts in prototypicality were associated with changes in the evaluation of individual targets. Implications for the analysis of social categorization and stereotyping are discussed.