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Construing counterfactual worlds: The role of abstraction
Author(s) -
Gilead Michael,
Liberman Nira,
Maril Anat
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
european journal of social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1099-0992
pISSN - 0046-2772
DOI - 10.1002/ejsp.1862
Subject(s) - counterfactual thinking , possible world , counterfactual conditional , embodied cognition , representation (politics) , extant taxon , psychology , abstraction , mental representation , epistemology , experiential learning , cognition , cognitive science , social psychology , cognitive psychology , philosophy , mathematics education , evolutionary biology , neuroscience , politics , political science , law , biology
The present article conceptualizes mental time travel as a special case of transcending psychological distance, which rests on the uniquely human ability to consider counterfactual and hypothetical worlds. We discuss the possible challenges that counterfactuality and futurity present before our cognitive system, which include severing the real from imagined worlds and dealing with uncertainty. We suggest, similar to extant approaches to theory of mind, that the use of abstract–symbolic mental representations helps overcome these difficulties. We present empirical evidence to support the claim that counterfactual and hypothetical objects are encoded in a more abstract manner than ascertained objects. Finally, we discuss the possible advantages of linguistic/disembodied representation over the embodied–experiential form. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.