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Evolution of Concise and Flexible Synthetic Strategies for Trichostatic Acid and the Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A
Author(s) -
Cosner Casey C.,
Bhaskara Reddy Iska Vijaya,
Chatterjee Anamitra,
Markiewicz John T.,
Corden Steven J.,
Löfstedt Joakim,
Ankner Tobias,
Richer Joshua,
Hulett Tyler,
Schauer Douglas J.,
Wiest Olaf,
Helquist Paul
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
european journal of organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.825
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1099-0690
pISSN - 1434-193X
DOI - 10.1002/ejoc.201201233
Subject(s) - trichostatin a , chemistry , histone deacetylase , histone deacetylase inhibitor , enantioselective synthesis , combinatorial chemistry , epigenetics , ketone , hydroxamic acid , total synthesis , catalysis , stereochemistry , organic chemistry , biochemistry , histone , gene
( R )‐(+)‐Trichostatic acid and ( R )‐(+)‐trichostatin A (TSA) are natural products that have attracted considerable attention in the field of epigenetic therapies. TSA in particular is a naturally occurring hydroxamic acid having potent activity as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and having significant potential for treatment of a myriad of genetically based diseases. Development of TSA and other trichostatic acid derivatives into useful small‐molecule therapies has been hindered by the low natural abundance and high cost associated with these compounds. We report herein our collective efforts towards the development of concise and scalable routes for the synthesis of trichostatic acid and TSA in both racemic and enantioenriched forms. Three independent synthetic pathways were developed with varying degrees of efficiency and convergency. In the first synthesis, the key step was a vinylogous Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons condensation. A Marshall propargylation reaction was used as the key step in the second synthesis, and Pd‐catalyzed α‐alkenylation of a ketone zinc enolate by using various functionalized alkenyl or dienyl halides was developed for the third synthesis. The second pathway proved to be readily amenable to an enantioselective modification, and both the second and third pathways were straightforwardly adapted for the facile preparation of new analogues of trichostatic acid and TSA.