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Biosynthesis of Defensive Coccinellidae Alkaloids: Incorporation of Fatty Acids in Adaline, Coccinelline, and Harmonine
Author(s) -
Haulotte Eveline,
Laurent Pascal,
Braekman JeanClaude
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
european journal of organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.825
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1099-0690
pISSN - 1434-193X
DOI - 10.1002/ejoc.201101563
Subject(s) - chemistry , coccinellidae , biosynthesis , biomimetic synthesis , biochemistry , stereochemistry , ecology , biology , gene , predation , predator
In this study, we report on in vitro incorporation experiments of several labelled fatty acids in the ladybird alkaloids coccinelline ( Coccinella 7‐punctata ), adaline ( Adalia 2‐punctata ), and harmonine ( Harmonia axyridis ). The obtained results clearly indicate that stearic acid is the precursor of coccinelline and harmonine, whereas myristic acid is at the origin of the carbon skeleton of adaline. Possible pathways for the biosynthesis of these alkaloids are presented.