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An Analysis of the Regioselectivity of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Benzonitrile N ‐Oxides Based on Global and Local Electrophilicity and Nucleophilicity Indices
Author(s) -
Domingo Luis R.,
Chamorro Eduardo,
Pérez Patricia
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
european journal of organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.825
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1099-0690
pISSN - 1434-193X
DOI - 10.1002/ejoc.200900213
Subject(s) - regioselectivity , chemistry , benzonitrile , nucleophile , electrophile , cycloaddition , reactivity (psychology) , medicinal chemistry , computational chemistry , nitrile , photochemistry , stereochemistry , organic chemistry , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology , catalysis
The regioselectivity of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (13DC) reactions of benzonitrile N ‐oxides (BNOs) with electrophilic and nucleophilic alkenes has been analyzed by using global and local nucleophilicity and electrophilicity reactivity indices defined within the conceptual DFT. The BNOs react with electron‐deficient and electron‐rich ethylenes, but the regioselectivities of these polar reactions are different. Whereas the reactions with electron‐rich ethylenes are completely regioselective, yielding 5‐isoxazolines, a change in the regioselectivity is observed in the reactions with electron‐deficient ethylenes, which yield a mixture of 4‐ and 5‐isoxazolines. Analysis of the energies, geometries, and electronic structures of the transition‐state structures involved in the 13DC reactions between the BNOs and two electronically activated ethylenes are in complete agreement with the analysis of the global and local electrophilicity and nucleophilicity reactivity indices.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)