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Recovery of Tocopherols, Amygdalin, and Fatty Acids From Apricot Kernel Oil: Cold Pressing Versus Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Author(s) -
Pavlović Nika,
Vidović Senka,
Vladić Jelena,
Popović Ljiljana,
Moslavac Tihomir,
Jakobović Snježana,
Jokić Stela
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
european journal of lipid science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.614
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1438-9312
pISSN - 1438-7697
DOI - 10.1002/ejlt.201800043
Subject(s) - amygdalin , chemistry , food science , extraction (chemistry) , oleic acid , supercritical carbon dioxide , linoleic acid , chromatography , palmitic acid , tocopherol , peroxide value , fatty acid , biochemistry , antioxidant , vitamin e , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Fatty acid, tocopherol, and amygdalin concentrations are determined in apricot kernel oils obtained by two techniques: cold pressing and supercritical CO 2 (SC‐CO 2 ) extraction. During the SC‐CO 2 extraction, oil is collected over 5 h at 300 bar and 40 °C until all oil is completely extracted from the raw material. The total tocopherol concentration in cold pressed oil is significantly lower (94 mg 100 g −1 of oil) compared to SC‐CO 2 oil. β + γ‐tocopherols are the most dominant, while α‐tocopherol is not detected in cold pressed oil. The concentration of total tocopherols during SC‐CO 2 extraction decreases from the first collection (after 1 h) to the last (after 5 h), from 252 to 50 mg 100 g −1 of oil. The analysis of fatty acid composition shows a prevalence of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid, specifically 5.93, 57.33, and 33.81%, respectively, in SC‐CO 2 extracts, which are similar to the values of cold pressed oil (5.48, 62.73, 29.18%, respectively). Small amount of amygdalin content is determined in cold pressed oil (0.40 mg g −1 of oil), as well as in oil obtained by SC‐CO 2 (0.20 mg g −1 of oil). According to official methods and requirements, oils produced by both techniques are of satisfactory quality (low values of peroxide number, FFA, insoluble impurities, and moisture content). Practical Applications : This study investigates the potential of apricot kernel seeds, a by‐product of apricot production, for an important food industry application: the extraction of quality oil with a high concentration of various bioactive compounds using green technologies – cold pressing and SC‐CO 2 . Comparison of these two extraction methods shows the advantage of a newer method (SC‐CO 2 ) in the extraction of tocopherols as well as less extracted amount of amygdalin, while there are no major differences in the fatty acid composition. Therefore, it can be concluded that apricot kernel seeds can be used, by employing such green extraction technologies, for the production of oils with a high concentration of valuable bioactive compounds, especially fatty acids and tocopherols. Components and fatty acids collected by two different green extraction techniques of apricot kernel seed.