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Trans fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, and cardiovascular diseases
Author(s) -
Combe Nicole,
Clouet Pierre,
Chardigny JeanMichel,
Lagarde Michel,
Léger Claude Louis
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
european journal of lipid science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.614
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1438-9312
pISSN - 1438-7697
DOI - 10.1002/ejlt.200600288
Subject(s) - conjugated linoleic acid , myristic acid , palmitic acid , linoleic acid , chemistry , fatty acid , cholesterol , medicine , endocrinology , biochemistry
This review focuses on human data about the link between cardiovascular risk and dietary trans and conjugated fatty acids. Some complementary data from animals are presented. Concerning trans monoene isomers, since 1990 they were extensively studied. Intervention studies have shown that they increased LDL‐cholesterol just like saturated fatty acids (palmitic, myristic, lauric acids). A recent meta‐analysis of 60 intervention studies emphasized that, unlike palmitic acid, these trans monoenes increased the total‐to‐HDL‐cholesterol ratio; as a result these trans isomers could increase the cardiovascular risk more than lauric, myristic and palmitic acids. Data from four epidemiological cohort studies suggest that a 2% increase in energy of daily intake of trans fatty acids significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Concerning conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), to date, there are no epidemiological data. Current knowledge is based on intervention studies in humans and animals and on in vitro studies. For the mixture of isomers ( cis 9, trans 11 and trans 10, cis 12), clinical studies gave inconsistent results, and results on animal models differed from one species to another. For each isomer studied separately, their effects on the lipoprotein profile in humans were different. However, no dose effect was found whatever the isomer. Studies performed in healthy subjects and obese men presented convergent conclusions regarding the detrimental effects of trans 10, cis 12 CLA, but with rumenic acid ( cis 9, trans 11 CLA) positive effects were observed in healthy subjects, not in obese subjects &bock;pls check!&bock;. Finally, results of studies lead to attribute a potential, general proatherogenic effect to trans 10, cis 12 CLA.