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Alternate oils in fish feeds
Author(s) -
Pickova Jana,
Mørkøre Turid
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
european journal of lipid science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.614
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1438-9312
pISSN - 1438-7697
DOI - 10.1002/ejlt.200600222
Subject(s) - fish oil , polyunsaturated fatty acid , aquaculture , food science , biology , gadus , fish meal , predatory fish , commercial fish feed , fish products , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , fatty acid , biochemistry
Nearly half of the fish consumed as food worldwide are raised on fish farms rather than caught in the wild, as shown by FAO statistics. The increasing aquaculture of predatory carnivorous fish demands new sources of feed constituents, particularly oils at the moment. Common terrestrial plant oils contain only traces of the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In connection with fish feed, especially the lack of n ‐3 “marine fatty acids” is obvious. Recommendations on the required amounts of the fatty acids DHA (22:6 n ‐3) and EPA (20:5 n ‐3) exist from 1994. When plant oil‐based diets are fed during the growing phase and replaced by a fish oil‐based diet during a period prior to slaughter, most of the beneficial lipid composition of fish in terms of human dietary recommendations is restored. Little attention has been focused on the fish welfare in connection to substitution of dietary oil sources, and studies are still scarce. New fish diets will rely heavily on the use of alternate ingredients such as plant oils also for carnivorous cold‐temperate water fish species. In the future, an addition of synthetic or GMO‐produced “marine” fatty acids is a possible scenario. The aim of this review is to highlight some plant oils used in fish feeds, with special emphasis on compounds other than fatty acids. We also include some results from an ongoing study, where the effect of dietary soy oil on gonad maturation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) is indicated.