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Reactive Palladium Carbenes: Migratory Insertion and Other Carbene–Hydrocarbyl Coupling Reactions on Well‐Defined Systems
Author(s) -
Albéniz Ana C.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201800597
Subject(s) - carbene , palladium , chemistry , transition metal carbene complex , steric effects , migratory insertion , catalysis , combinatorial chemistry , coupling reaction , medicinal chemistry , stereochemistry , organic chemistry
Palladium complexes with carbene ligands are among the best known and more extensively used catalysts. Those carbenes are usually NHC or N , N ‐disubstituted derivatives and their use relies on the robust nature of the carbene ligands and their role as auxiliary ligands that modify the metal's electronic and steric features. In contrast, there are other types of carbenes that, when coordinated to palladium, lead to transformations in which the carbene fragment is involved. In the last decade, palladium‐catalyzed reactions have been extended to the use of carbene precursors that can be functionalized with the formation of several C–C bonds in one reaction step. Plausible mechanisms have been proposed where a carbene–hydrocarbyl coupling occurs in the palladium coordination sphere. This microreview aims to collect and discuss the examples of organometallic reactions in well‐characterized palladium complexes where the carbene is one of the fragments involved in C–C bond formation. These examples are key in understanding and supporting the mechanisms proposed for the Pd‐catalyzed of C–C coupling reactions of carbenes.