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Deconvoluting the Innocent vs. Non‐Innocent Behavior of N , N ‐Diethylphenylazothioformamide Ligands with Copper Sources
Author(s) -
Johnson Nicolas A.,
Wolfe Samuel R.,
Kabir Humayun,
Andrade Gabriel A.,
Yap Glenn P. A.,
Heiden Zachariah M.,
Moberly James G.,
Roll Mark F.,
Waynant Kristopher V.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201701097
Subject(s) - chemistry , non innocent ligand , ligand (biochemistry) , redox , metal , oxidation state , copper , crystallography , inorganic chemistry , metal aquo complex , transition metal , dissolution , organic chemistry , catalysis , biochemistry , receptor
Redox‐active ligands lead to ambiguity in often clearly defined oxidation states of both the metal center and the ligand. The arylazothioformamide (ATF) ligand class represents a redox‐active ligand with three possible redox states (neutral, singly reduced, and doubly reduced). ATF–metal interactions result in strong colorimetric transitions allowing for the use of ATFs in metal detection and/or separations. While previous reports have discussed dissolution of zerovalent metals, the resulting oxidation states of coordination complexes have proved difficult to interpret through X‐ray crystallographic analysis alone. This report describes the X‐ray crystallographic analysis combined with computational modeling of the ATF ligand and metal complexes to deconvolute the metal and ligand oxidation state of ATF–metal complexes. Metal(ATF) 2 complexes that originated from zerovalent metals were found to exist as dicationic metal centers containing two singly reduced ATF ligands. When employing Cu I salts instead of Cu 0 to generate ATF–copper complexes, the Cu I in the resulting complexes remained in its oxidation state, and the ATF ligand remained “innocent”, existing in its neutral state. Although the use of CuX (X = Br or I) or [Cu(NCMe) 4 ]Y (Y = BF 4 or PF 6 ) generated species of the type: [(ATF)Cu(µ‐X)] 2 and [Cu(ATF) 2 ]Y, respectively, the ATF ligand remained in its neutral state for each species type.