Premium
Carbazole as Linker for Dinuclear Gadolinium‐Based MRI Contrast Agents
Author(s) -
Mousavi Bibimaryam,
Chauvin AnneSophie,
Moriggi Loïck,
Helm Lothar
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201700847
Subject(s) - chemistry , gadolinium , relaxation (psychology) , aqueous solution , carbazole , linker , mri contrast agent , nuclear magnetic resonance , trifluoroacetic acid , micelle , ion , quenching (fluorescence) , crystallography , photochemistry , fluorescence , organic chemistry , computer science , operating system , quantum mechanics , psychology , social psychology , physics
Ligands able to complex two gadolinium ions have been synthesized and characterized in view of the ability of the complexes to increase the spin relaxation of water protons. All ligands are based on the heptadentate diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid (DTTA) chelator and carbazole as a rigid linker. Depending on the derivatization on the nitrogen atom of the five‐membered ring, the compounds form small aggregates in aqueous solution, self‐assemble to form micelles or bind to human serum albumin. In all cases, this leads to a marked increase in 1 H relaxivity at nuclear Larmor frequencies between 20 and 60 MHz. Water exchange on the gadolinium ions as measured by 17 O NMR relaxation is fast enough not to limit relaxivity. 1 H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles were also measured and analyzed using Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan theory including Lipari–Szabo treatment to include internal motion or anisotropic rotation.